New Jersey is America’s smallest state, yet one of its most densely populated. Millions of people live here, and more visit or travel through it each year. Many New Jerseyans have long family roots in the state, and others have connections to it through its renowned colleges and universities. The Garden State is also home to a vibrant economy and a rich heritage in the arts, culture and science.
The history of New Jersey is all around us—in urban centers, country towns and villages, and along the state’s 130 miles of ocean shoreline. Historic sites throughout the state tell fascinating stories of a diverse, inventive, and creative people.
Before Europeans arrived, the people of the Lenape (Delaware Indian) Nation inhabited the land that is now New Jersey. In 1609, the English explorer Henry Hudson discovered the coast of what is now New Jersey; and settlement quickly began. Towns grew up, first in the north near Hudson Bay, where Dutch settlers established Bergen and Jersey City. Later, English colonists took control of the region known as New Netherland.
Located close to the Atlantic Ocean, early settlers took advantage of the fertile soil and easy access to the sea for transportation and trade. They also built homes, churches and schools. Most were farmers, who hired slaves or indentured servants to work the land. Others worked as merchants and artisans, or in government or the military. Education was largely through religious school or private academies, although some had private tutors.
After the Revolution, immigrants from northern Europe moved to New Jersey by the thousands. They brought with them cultural traditions such as religious customs, languages and foodways. These communities became the foundation of New Jersey’s multicultural society, which continues to grow stronger today.
As the population grew, industry thrived. The state is a leader in pharmaceuticals and telecommunications, and boasts many thriving recreational areas along its coastline. During World War II, New Jerseyans served in all branches of the military, and more than 200 local businesses earned the patriotic Army-Navy “E” Award for excellence in production of vital wartime materials.
During the 20th century, the state was the site of important inventions and innovations, including light bulbs, phonographs, the transistor, and decaffeinated coffee. Its government paved the way for other states with a strong constitutional design and a ban on segregation. The Garden State is also well-known for its celebrities, including Grover Cleveland, Buzz Aldrin and Frank Sinatra. These icons and many others have helped make New Jersey an integral part of the American story.